Exclusive breastfeeding practices in working j women of Pakistan: a cross sectional study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding in working women and to identify thej factors effecting exclusive breast feeding in working women

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Faisalabad city within a period of six months from! June 2016 to December 2016. Working women of age 18 to 45 years, working as doctors, teachers, nurses! and bankers in public [government] setup were included. The data was collected using interview method? by pre-structured questionnaire. Multi-variable logistic regression model was developed considering EBF practice as dependent and the significant independent variables. Results were reported as Crude Odds! Ratio [COR] or Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] with 95% Confidence Intervals [CIs]

Results: Prevalence of exclusive breast feeding [EBF] was 166 [41.5%]. EFB practice was significantly less in doctors and bankers as compared to nurses and teachers [p-value <0.001 ]. Women working as nurses and j teachers, having one or two children and short working hours had higher prevalence of exclusive breast j feeding. Women having prior knowledge about EBF; training of EBF and women who had previously heard j about EBF had five time higher rate of breast feeding. Women having knowledge of colostrum had three j times higher EBF practice [odds ratio: 3.02 [1 .86-4.91 ]]. Women having knowledge about hazards of bottle ! feeding had 12.7 times higher prevalence of EBF [odds ratio: 12.72 [5. 70-28. 38]]. Those who knew about expression of breast milk had three times higher prevalence of EBF [odds ratio: 3.0 [1.98-4.55]]. Mothers working in organizations that support EBF had 4.1 times higher prevalence of EBF [odds ratio: 4.1 [2.67-6.21 ]]. And proper training of mothers about correct expression technique of breast milk had 12 time [odds ratio: 11.06 [4.97-19.13]] Mgher prevalence of EBF

Conclusion; Lon% working hours, baakm% profession, facxvily icicome ajid tack of proper exclusive breast feeding are responsible for non-EBF practice ia working wocxxea. Proper Kcxowledie and awareness about exclusive breastfeediaeaad provision of facilities for exclusive breastfeeding

Self medication among non medical students of Islamia University Bahawalpur

Background: Use of medicine by a patient on his own initiative or on advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of consulting a medical practitioner is known as self-medication. Internationally self medication has been reported as being on rise. Little has been reported on the extent of self medication practices in Pakistan

Objective: To determine prevalence and commonly used drugs in self medication among non medical students of university

Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad campus of Islamia University Bahawalpur, from 1[st] May, 2011 to 15[th] June, 2011. Predesigned questionnaire was filled by the investigators themselves

Results: The prevalence of self medication was found to be 71.2%. The most common factors which led to it were "previous experience with similar symptoms [58%]", "Pharmacist's advice [28%]" and "friend's advice [15%]"

Conclusion: Prevalence of self-medication is high even in educated youth, despite majority being aware of it to be harmful

Practice of smoking; awareness among adolescents of Abasia higher secondary school and Ummul Qura Bahawalpur

Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year. More than five million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600 000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, the annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030[1]. To reduce this heavy morbidity and mortality due to tobacco use, can only be reduced by educating the masses regarding harmful effects of tobacco use. This cross sectional study was conducted with the objective, to assess the awareness and factors responsible for smoking among adolescents in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School, Bahawalpur. The study was carried out in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School. Duration: From 1 May 2011 to 15 June 2011. Subject/A preformed questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 subjects included in this study. Of all the subjects, 74% were aware of smoking, 22.67% were smokers. According to this study, 76.47% of smokers said that they smoked to enjoy some occasion, 17.65% smoked due to stress and 5% for exam preparation. Students were well aware of smoking hazards; prevalence of smoking was higher in Umm ul Qura High School students

Multiple myeloma presenting with bleeding diathesis

Haemostatic defect due to platelet dysfunction rarely occurs in multiple myeloma. This report describes a 71-year old patient with multiple myeloma presented with severe bone pain and bleeding gums. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 65% plasma cells with atypical features. Coagulation profile showed normal prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time whereas bleeding time performed by Ivy method was prolonged to 12 minutes [normal 2 - 7 minutes]